- Server-side events are push notifications empowered by what is called Comet (a kind of Reverse AJAX) which are streamed to the client from the server. They are intended to empower the client to get, not push back to the server. Piggyback (a kind of Reverse AJAX) allows data to travel back to the server whenever the browser next pings it, perhaps on changing pages, providing one way to hack around the problem of one-way communication.
- Long polling (a kind of real AJAX) offers a connection from the client to the server which is held open.
- Forever Frame involves letting an iframe load in your page and then having JavaScript running within the iframe bubble beyond the iframe itself to bias the page it sits within. Typically such an iframe will be zero pixels wide by zero pixels tall holding no cosmetic function and no role beyond the AJAX hack it empowers. JavaScript processes in your page may force the iframe to load different things at different times. The content that materializes in the iframe, varied as it may be, will always be HTML that is largely empty beyond blobs of JavaScript. JavaScript functions in HTML will run sequentially as they are loaded.
- Web sockets are coming with IIS8! They are bidirectional communication channels for client and server talk. They can fail! One has to have one of the three items above ready to go as a failover when planning to use web sockets.
Addendum 3/29/2013: see this
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